{"id":858,"date":"2017-06-01T09:26:37","date_gmt":"2017-06-01T07:26:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/?p=858"},"modified":"2017-06-01T09:27:19","modified_gmt":"2017-06-01T07:27:19","slug":"are-gregarious-red-black-shieldbugs-graphosoma-lineatum-hemiptera-pentatomidae-really-aposematic-an-experimental-approach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/2017\/06\/01\/are-gregarious-red-black-shieldbugs-graphosoma-lineatum-hemiptera-pentatomidae-really-aposematic-an-experimental-approach\/","title":{"rendered":"Are gregarious red-black shieldbugs, Graphosoma lineatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), really aposematic? An experimental approach"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>2006<\/h2>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2017\/05\/30\/petr-vesely\/\">Petr Vesel\u00fd<\/a>, Silvie Vesel\u00e1, <a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2017\/05\/30\/roman-fuchs\/\">Roman Fuchs<\/a>, Jan Zrzav\u00fd<\/h4>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.evolutionary-ecology.com\/abstracts\/v08n05\/kkar1976.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.evolutionary-ecology.com\/abstracts\/v08n05\/kkar1976.pdf<\/a><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Hypothesis<\/span>: The coloration of the red-black shieldbug has a warning function. This quality<br \/> can be lowered when the shieldbug is presented on a fragmented background.<br \/> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Organism<\/span>: We offered wild-coloured and artificially deaposematized (painted brown) red-black shieldbugs <em>(Graphosoma lineatum<\/em><em>)<\/em> to avian predators <em>(Parus major<\/em><em>, Parus<\/em> caeruleus).<br \/> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Site of experiments<\/span>: The experiments were conducted in a cage (0.7 m \u00d7 0.7 m \u00d7 0.7 m) fitted with a one-way mirror.<br \/> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Methods<\/span>: In succession, we offered five shieldbugs to each bird. We presented the shieldbugs on contrasting (white) and matching (imitating the shieldbug\u2019s habitat and imitating the striated shieldbug pattern) backgrounds.<br \/> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Results<\/span>: The blue tits avoided all shieldbugs offered to them regardless of their coloration. The great tits attacked both colour forms, but the brown one more frequently. The wild-coloured shieldbugs were significantly better protected against repeated attacks. Shieldbugs presented on any of the matching backgrounds were attacked less frequently than when presented on the white background.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Back to <a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/publication\/scientific-papers\/\">scientific papers<\/a>.<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h2>2006<\/h2>\n<h4><a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2017\/05\/30\/petr-vesely\/\">Petr Vesel\u00fd<\/a>, Silvie Vesel\u00e1, <a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2017\/05\/30\/roman-fuchs\/\">Roman Fuchs<\/a>, Jan Zrzav\u00fd<\/h4>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.evolutionary-ecology.com\/abstracts\/v08n05\/kkar197...\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=858"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":861,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/858\/revisions\/861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/en_GB\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}