{"id":226,"date":"2017-05-16T15:25:01","date_gmt":"2017-05-16T13:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/?page_id=226"},"modified":"2020-02-27T10:53:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-27T09:53:58","slug":"research-in-svalbard","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/research\/research-in-svalbard\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdzkum na Svalbardu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Svalbard je souostrov\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se ve vysok\u00e9 Arktid\u011b, kter\u00e9mu dominuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na drsn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Ale i p\u0159es to zde ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b hn\u00edzd\u00ed velk\u00e9 po\u010dty pt\u00e1k\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich je tak\u00e9 ryb\u00e1k dlouhoocas\u00fd (<em>Sterna paradisaea<\/em>). Tento pt\u00e1k pat\u0159\u00ed do rodu <em>Sterna<\/em>\u00a0 a je \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd rack\u016fm. M\u00e1 \u010dern\u00fd svr\u0161ek hlavy, ocas je v\u00fdrazn\u011b vidli\u010dnat\u011b vykrojen\u00fd a v\u00a0dob\u011b hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u010derven\u00fd zob\u00e1k a nohy. Ryb\u00e1ci dlouhoocas\u00fd jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed svou velmi zaj\u00edmavou \u017eivotn\u00ed strategi\u00ed. Hn\u00edzd\u00ed na severn\u00ed polokouli v Arktid\u011b. S\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodem seversk\u00e9 zimy migruj\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00ed polokouli, kde se jejich zimovi\u0161t\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed kolem Antarktidy. Tato \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 migrace mezi pol\u00e1rn\u00edmi regiony je jednou z nejdel\u0161\u00edch migrac\u00ed v pta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Doposud nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd rekord \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 103 000 km.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je nejen migrace, ale i schopnost rozmno\u017eovat se v drsn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch severn\u00ed tundry. Nehostinn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed &#8211; pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 letn\u00ed teplota se pohybuje mezi 4 a\u017e 6 stupni Celsia a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy po\u010das\u00ed, jako jsou siln\u00e9 v\u011btry a bou\u0159e (d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 nebo sn\u00edh) &#8211; negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hn\u00edzdo pt\u00e1k\u016f. Ryb\u00e1k dlouhoocas\u00fd je nav\u00edc koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed hn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00ed druh se silnou reakc\u00ed proti pred\u00e1tor\u016fm spojenou s fyzick\u00fdmi \u00fatoky. P\u0159i obran\u011b hn\u00edzda se ryb\u00e1ci mohou spolehnout na kryptick\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed vajec a ku\u0159at nebo opustit hn\u00edzdo a za\u00fato\u010dit p\u0159\u00edmo na vet\u0159elce. Proto je pro \u017eivot a hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed ryb\u00e1k\u016f velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyhodnotit energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s inkubac\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u011b reagovat na prost\u0159ed\u00ed (po\u010das\u00ed, mo\u017enost predace, chlazen\u00ed vajec atd.).<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm se zam\u011b\u0159uje hlavn\u011b na \u017eivotn\u00ed strategie ryb\u00e1k\u016f dlouhoocas\u00fdch. T\u00e9mata se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed inkuba\u010dn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, hn\u00edzdn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu, antipreda\u010dn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a migra\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. Nov\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme tak\u00e9 na prevalenci parazit\u016f a pl\u00e1nujeme roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it n\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1jem i na dal\u0161\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed druhy pt\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spolupracujeme s:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Centrum pol\u00e1rn\u00ed ekologie, P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 univerzita v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>Ornitologick\u00e1 laborato\u0159, P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta, Univerzita Palack\u00e9ho v Olomouci<\/li>\n<li>Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Switzerland<\/li>\n<li>Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology &amp; Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Na v\u00fdzkumu tohoto t\u00e9matu se pod\u00edlej\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2017\/06\/01\/terka-hromadkova\/\">Tereza Hrom\u00e1dkov\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2017\/05\/30\/michaela-syrova\/\">Michaela Syrov\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cke.cz\/2020\/01\/08\/jan-spicka\/\">Jan \u0160pi\u010dka<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Svalbard je souostrov\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se ve vysok\u00e9 Arktid\u011b, kter\u00e9mu dominuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na drsn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Ale i p\u0159es to zde ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b hn\u00edzd\u00ed velk\u00e9 po\u010dty pt\u00e1k\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich je tak\u00e9 ryb\u00e1k dlouhoocas\u00fd (<em>Sterna paradisaea<\/em>). Tento pt\u00e1k pat\u0159\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"sidebar-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2273,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/226\/revisions\/2273"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/cke.cz\/cs_CZ\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}